1. secures individual member involvement;
2. manages internal team conflict;
3. maintains team focus and direction;
4. secures resources as required;
5. prevents team domination by a member;
6. deals with obstacles confronting the team;
7. coordinates multiple tasks and manages the status of assignments;
8. helps members and the team establish specific goals;
9. clarifies and/or define each member's role; and
10. provides performance feedback to the team and/or individual members.

The scale used a seven-point Likert-type response format with anchors 1 = not applicable and 7 = very applicable on leader's behavior (alpha = 0.95)